CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL: LITERATURE REVIEW
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сardiac hypertrophy,##common.commaListSeparator## fibrosis,##common.commaListSeparator## mitochondria,##common.commaListSeparator## MAPK pathway,##common.commaListSeparator## NFAT,##common.commaListSeparator## heart failure.Abstrak
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is an adaptive increase in myocardial mass that initially serves to normalize wall stress and preserve cardiac output in response to chronic hemodynamic overload. However, persistent stimulation transforms this compensatory process into pathological remodeling, characterized by cardiomyocyte dysfunction, fibrosis, and eventual heart failure. This comprehensive review explores CH at the cellular and molecular levels, emphasizing distinctions between physiological and pathological hypertrophy, as well as the microstructural, metabolic, and signaling alterations underlying disease progression.
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